His reign was further marked by the formation of the Quintuple Alliance and a military intervention in Spain. The following year, Louis dissolved the unpopular parliament, referred to as the Chambre introuvable, giving rise to the liberal Doctrinaires. His return in 1815 led to a second wave of White Terror headed by the Ultra-royalist faction. As a constitutional monarch, Louis XVIII's royal prerogative was reduced substantially by the Charter of 1814, France's new constitution. The government of the Bourbon Restoration was a constitutional monarchy, unlike the Ancien Régime, which was absolutist. Louis XVIII ruled as king for slightly less than a decade. Louis XVIII fled, and a Seventh Coalition declared war on the French Empire, defeated Napoleon again, and again restored Louis XVIII to the French throne. However, Napoleon escaped from his exile in Elba and restored his French Empire. When the Sixth Coalition finally defeated Napoleon in 1814, Louis XVIII was placed in what he, and the French royalists, considered his rightful position. įollowing the French Revolution and during the Napoleonic era, Louis XVIII lived in exile in Prussia, Great Britain, and Russia.
When his young nephew Louis XVII died in prison in June 1795, the Count of Provence proclaimed himself (titular) king under the name Louis XVIII. On 21 September 1792, the National Convention abolished the monarchy and deposed Louis XVI, who was later executed by guillotine. Until his accession to the throne of France, he held the title of Count of Provence as brother of King Louis XVI.
He spent twenty-three years in exile: during the French Revolution and the First French Empire (1804–1814), and during the Hundred Days. Louis XVIII (Louis Stanislas Xavier 17 November 1755 – 16 September 1824), known as the Desired ( French: le Désiré), was King of France from 1814 to 1824, except for a brief interruption during the Hundred Days in 1815. Dutch: Lodewijk Stanislaus Xaverius van Frankrijk.Italian: Luigi Stanislao Saverio di Borbone-Francia.Portuguese: Luís Estanislau Xavier da França.
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